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In fine chemical manufacturing and fluorochemical sourcing, boiling point is a critical parameter that directly affects distillation design, solvent selection, reaction temperature windows, and product purification strategy. For positional isomers such as 2-fluoroaniline, confusion with meta- or para-fluoroaniline can lead to incorrect separation conditions, inefficient energy use, or even product degradation during scale-up. Understanding the precise boiling point of 2-fluoroaniline is therefore essential for laboratory chemists, process engineers, and procurement teams alike.
The boiling point of 2-fluoroaniline (o-fluoroaniline) is approximately 184–186 °C at atmospheric pressure (1 atm), with ~185 °C commonly cited as the standard reference value.
This boiling point is consistently reported in industrial specifications and is used as a key reference for distillation, purification, and quality control operations.
Chemical Identity of 2-Fluoroaniline and Its Influence on Boiling Point
2-Fluoroaniline, also referred to as o-fluoroaniline, is an aromatic amine with the molecular formula C₆H₆FN. It is one of three fluoroaniline isomers, distinguished by the fluorine atom being positioned ortho to the amino group on the benzene ring.
This ortho configuration promotes stronger intermolecular interactions, including intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amino group and the fluorine atom. These interactions restrict molecular mobility and increase the energy required for vaporization, directly contributing to its relatively high boiling point.
Compared with non-fluorinated aniline, fluorine substitution increases molecular mass and enhances dipole interactions, both of which elevate the boiling point.
Standard Boiling Point Data for Fluoroaniline Isomers
Understanding how 2-fluoroaniline compares with related isomers is important for separation and isomer control.
| Compound | Boiling Point (°C, 1 atm) | Structural Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Aniline | ~184 | No fluorine substitution |
| 2-Fluoroaniline | ~184–186 | Ortho isomer |
| 3-Fluoroaniline | ~186–188 | Meta isomer |
| 4-Fluoroaniline | ~185–187 | Para isomer |
While the boiling points are close, these small differences become significant during fractional distillation or isomer purification at industrial scale.
Why the Boiling Point of 2-Fluoroaniline Matters in Practice
From an engineering and production standpoint, boiling point data are essential for:
- Distillation column design: Tray number and reflux ratio depend on BP.
- Solvent recovery: Prevents co-distillation or thermal degradation.
- Reaction temperature limits: Avoids unwanted vaporization.
- Quality control: Confirms identity and purity during analysis.
In pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediate manufacturing—two major application areas for 2-fluoroaniline—thermal control is particularly important to maintain yield and minimize impurity formation.
Temperature and Pressure Considerations
The quoted boiling point of ~185 °C applies at atmospheric pressure. Under reduced pressure (vacuum distillation), the boiling point decreases significantly, which is often exploited to:
- Reduce thermal stress on the material
- Improve separation efficiency
- Lower energy consumption
For precise process design, boiling point should always be considered together with operating pressure.
Comparison with Other Aromatic Amines
2-Fluoroaniline illustrates a broader trend in aromatic amines: halogen substitution raises boiling point while maintaining manageable volatility.
| Compound Type | Typical Boiling Point Range (°C) |
|---|---|
| Aniline | ~184 |
| Fluoroanilines | ~184–188 |
| Chloroanilines | ~200–230 |
This balance makes fluoroanilines particularly attractive for high-performance intermediates where thermal stability is required without excessive processing difficulty.
Storage and Handling Implications
The relatively high boiling point of 2-fluoroaniline means it is stable under normal storage conditions, with low vapor pressure at ambient temperatures. Nevertheless, as an aromatic amine, it requires appropriate ventilation, sealed containers, and compliance with SDS guidelines during handling.
Summary
The boiling point of 2-fluoroaniline is approximately 184–186 °C at 1 atm, positioning it among moderately high-boiling aromatic amines. This property is critical for distillation, purification, reaction control, and quality assurance in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, dye, and specialty chemical manufacturing.
Source 2-Fluoroaniline Reliably from Sparrow-Chemical
If you are sourcing 2-fluoroaniline with consistent boiling point control, verified specifications, and professional technical support, Sparrow-Chemical is ready to assist.
Contact us at https://sparrow-chemical.com/ to discuss grades, volumes, and long-term supply solutions.
