Electronic manufacturing today demands ultra-pure materials, atomic-scale surface control, and aggressive plasma chemistries. As semiconductor nodes shrink below

Pharmaceutical chemistry increasingly depends on fluorinated functional groups to enhance metabolic stability, bioavailability, lipophilicity, and receptor binding precision.

In the fluorochemical industry, only a small number of intermediates act as structural bridges between raw fluorine chemistry

Fluoropolymers are often described in terms of their monomers—tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VDF), or hexafluoropropylene (HFP). However, the